In depth analysis of the core technical principles of vacuum cleaner air performance testing equipment

As a combination of aerodynamics and cleaning technology, the performance of a vacuum cleaner directly depends on core parameters such as air flow rate, vacuum degree, suction power, and filtration efficiency.Vacuum cleaner air performance testing equipmentAs a key tool for quantifying these indicators, precise airflow control, pressure measurement, and data acquisition technology provide scientific basis for product development and quality control. Its core technical principles can be broken down into four major modules:

1、 Airflow measurement:

The essence of the "suction" of a vacuum cleaner is the gas flow rate through the air duct per unit time (usually measured in m ³/h or L/s), and flow measurement is one of the core tasks of detection equipment. The mainstream equipment adopts pitot tube differential pressure method or thermal mass flowmeter:

Pitot tube differential pressure method: By installing pitot tube sensors in the air duct, the difference between the total pressure (dynamic pressure+static pressure) and static pressure of the airflow (i.e. dynamic pressure) is measured, and the flow rate is calculated by combining the Bernoulli equation (Q=Acdot v, Q is flow rate, A is cross-sectional area, v is flow velocity). High precision equipment will calibrate the velocity distribution inside the air duct to ensure that the measurement point is located in a uniform flow field area (usually using a contraction section or a rectifying grid to optimize the airflow).

Thermal mass flowmeter: Based on the principle of gas flow taking away heat, the mass flow rate is calculated in real time through the temperature difference between the heating element and the temperature sensor. It has a fast response and is suitable for transient testing (such as flow fluctuations during the start-up phase of a vacuum cleaner).

2、 Vacuum degree and negative pressure control:

The vacuum degree of a vacuum cleaner (i.e. negative pressure in the air duct, usually measured in kPa or mmH ₂ O) directly affects its ability to adsorb dust and particles. The detection equipment constructs a controllable negative pressure environment through a vacuum pump and pressure sensor:

Vacuum pump set: provides a stable negative pressure source (usually covering 0-20kPa, meeting the needs of household to industrial vacuum cleaners), and precisely controls the target negative pressure value by adjusting the pump speed or valve opening.

High precision differential pressure sensor: installed between the air inlet of the vacuum cleaner and atmospheric pressure, it monitors negative pressure changes in real time (with a resolution of up to 0.1Pa), and combines with a data acquisition system to record the dynamic response curve of vacuum degree with flow rate (such as large vacuum degree and vacuum degree attenuation rate).

3、 Inhalation power and efficiency calculation:

The suction power (unit: W) is a key indicator for measuring the conversion of electrical energy into airflow energy by a vacuum cleaner motor. It is calculated by multiplying the flow rate (Q) and vacuum degree (P) (P_ {in}=Qcdot P/eta, where η is the mechanical efficiency coefficient). The detection equipment synchronously collects flow and vacuum data, combined with motor input power (measured by a power analyzer), to calculate the effective suction power to energy efficiency ratio (such as cleaning ability per unit energy consumption), providing a basis for product energy efficiency rating evaluation.

4、 Airflow stability and noise control: implicit energy consumption optimization

In addition to core parameters, the detection equipment also needs to pay attention to the uniformity and noise characteristics of the airflow:

Air duct design: Adopting a tapered or Venturi tube structure to optimize the airflow path, reduce turbulence and local resistance (such as pre studying the shape of the air duct through CFD simulation), and ensure stable airflow during testing (flow velocity fluctuation ≤ ± 2%).

• Noise monitoring module: Integrated microphone and spectrum analyzer, measuring the noise level of the vacuum cleaner at rated flow rate (usually required to be ≤ 75dB), assisting in optimizing motor and air duct design to reduce noise pollution.

　　Vacuum cleaner air performance testing equipmentThe core technology of the vacuum cleaner revolves around closed-loop measurement of "flow vacuum power", which accurately reproduces the true working state of the vacuum cleaner through high-precision sensors, dynamic negative pressure control, and multi parameter collaborative analysis. With the upgrading of smart home and industrial cleaning needs, future detection equipment will further integrate AI algorithms (such as automatic diagnosis of abnormal data) and multi scene simulation (such as carpet/hard floor mode switching), promoting the development of vacuum cleaner performance towards higher efficiency and intelligence.